CVCSs are commonly used for monorepos and large repositories. The most popular FOSS option is Subversion, although it may not be favored by all programmers and users. Perforce is another option, but it is a proprietary system.
Sir, for how long have you been in a coma?
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What is it you need that a centralized version control system offers that a distributed version control system doesn’t? For instance you could use git or pijul for a monorepo.
Ability to clone only certain parts of a repo. Git has shallow and partial clones, but they don’t feel like the right tool for large/mono repos.
Git provides subtree (and submodules) which enable this with some planning
Git, Mercurial, Subversion, and Fossil are the ones i know. Git is so far in the lead it’s hard to even mention the others in the same sentence.
Mercurial?
I feel like this is a prank of some sort?
Not really.