This is about flashing only. I don’t know if the device will accept the firmware because of a potential carrier lock (in whatever way that is implemented).
If you’re on linux, you can use odin4. For me, this tool worked best overall. (Note that it’s 100% proprietary and you basically need to run a random file from the internet with special privileges.)
You can run odin4 -h to see the cli options. You should have 5 *.tar.md5 files for a newer phone.

• AP_…tar.md5 - use this file with the -a argument
• BL_…tar.md5 - use this file with the -b argument
• CP_…tar.md5 - use this file with the -c argument
• CSC_…tar.md5 - use this file with the -s argument ONLY if you want to reset your whole device (I’m not sure if this will force a reset every time on all devices, but it did a reset for me)
• HOME_CSC_…tar.md5 - use this file with the -s argument if you just want to do an update to your system (of course there’s no guarantee that it won’t reset, so make sure you have backups)

So you should something like this with root privileges:

odin4 -a AP... -b BL -c CP... -s CSC...

I think for carrier lock removal, you need to reset your phone anyway, so you can use the CSC file.

I hope this helps!

Authorized by not denying…

I have tried a yubikey on ubuntu without any problems. Could you please describe what exactly isn’t working

A video on youtube…

You might need to switch to a smaller instance.

If you want a kali-based live environment, you can follow this tutorial: https://www.kali.org/docs/development/live-build-a-custom-kali-iso/ You can configure a lot of options and most of the building process is just downloading packages.

Many ARM boards (including raspberry pis) are designed to run with linux. So the manufacturers can customize the kernel and firmware for the boards.

I can’t tell you why but it seems like plasma crashed (-> screen black and all opened programs gone) and restarted (-> came back). That’s what I can tell from your description. In your logs you can look for errors from plasma, kwin and maybe something with the gpu driver.