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since none of your examples add anything of value in the body: a plain old 403 is enough.
response bodies for 400 responses are more interesting, since you can often tell why a request was bad and the client can use that information to communicate to the user what went wrong.
best error code remains 418, though.
parquet is cloesely tied to the apache foundation, because it was designed as a storage format for hadoop.
But many data processing libraries offer interfaces to handle parquet files so you can use it outside of the hadoop eco system.
It’s really good for archiving data, because the format can store a lot of data with relatively low disk space, while still providing ok read performance because often times you won’t need to read the whole file due to how they are structured, where csv files would be a lot of plaintext taking up more diskspace.