I had to find this. This explains on an atomic level how semiconductors work. For me this was important for me to gain an intrinsic understanding of what is going on in computers.
https://youtu.be/33vbFFFn04k?si=5W_ymFgYJByXf3sR
It is simple and fascinating and brilliantly clever.
You will need to watch the next one to see how a transistor works. It to, is very simple and very clever. I do know how these guys figured it out.
If you have questions I am very happy to try and help. Someone did it for me decades ago.